Abstract Sedentary behavior, intestinal constipation, and eating habits were examined concerning sociodemographic factors. A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted with adolescents from municipal public schools in Montes Claros-MG, Brazil, through questionnaires investigating sociodemographic factors, pediatric gastrointestinal symptoms (Questionnaire Roma III), and eating habits (VIGITEL). Data were treated in the Statistical Package for Social Science program (version 22.0) through descriptive analysis of variables and the chi-square test. Of the 880 participants, the majority were female (51.93%) and aged between 13 and 19 (60.11%). A percentage of 16.7% exceeded 5 hours of sedentary behavior per day, and 15% were constipated. When comparing Sedentary Behavior with the sociodemographic profile, adolescent boys were more sedentary (p = .02), as were older adolescents (p = .01). In conclusion, there was a low prevalence of Sedentary Behavior, and the associations referred to sociodemographic factors. However, considering the studied population and the damage caused by sedentary behavior to the health of adolescents, these results are important to help in tracking this disorder.

Resumo Esse estudo teve por objetivo estimar a prevalência do Comportamento Sedentário e sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos, Constipação Intestinal e hábitos alimentares. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo transversal e analítico, desenvolvido com adolescentes do 6° ao 9° anos das escolas públicas municipais da cidade de Montes Claros-MG, Brasil. Foram utilizados questionários que abordavam fatores sociodemográficos, sintomas gastrointestinais pediátricos (Questionário Roma III) e hábitos alimentares (VIGITEL). Os dados foram tratados no programa Statistical Package for the Social Science versão 22.0 por meio de análise descritiva das variáveis e do teste qui-quadrado. Participaram 880 adolescentes. 16.7% ultrapassavam 5 horas diárias com adoção do Comportamento Sedentário, sendo a maior prevalência encontrada no sexo feminino (51.93%), e faixa etária de 13 a 19 anos (60.11%). 15% dos entrevistados eram constipados. Ao comparar o Comportamento Sedentário com o perfil sociodemográfico, percebe-se que os meninos adolescentes eram mais sedentários (p = .02) e aos adolescentes com maior idade (p = .01). Concluindo, verificou-se baixa prevalência de Comportamento Sedentário, e as associações referiram a fatores sociodemográficos. No entanto, considerando a população estudada e os prejuízos advindos do Comportamento Sedentário para a saúde dos adolescentes, esses resultados são importantes para auxiliar no rastreamento desse distúrbio.

Resumo Nas áreas rurais de Portugal as festas, sobretudo as que têm lugar nas estações frias, continuam a integrar o ciclo agro-pastoril anual. Nessas festividades, a permanência de dádivas alimentares dedicadas aos santos pode indiciar uma sobrevivência de remotos cultos colectivos. Essa dedicação manifesta-se periodicamente num número expressivo de comunidades, aprovando uma conexão efémera entre grupos e indivíduos. Numa data aprazada, a dádiva compartilhada contribui para aliviar a escassez de alimentos e confirmar relações sociais de proximidade. Através de uma descrição etnográfica que assinala diferentes festividades tendo como patrono o santo merecedor de devoção da comunidade, percorremos diferentes regiões do país, procurando destacar a importância dos alimentos - além do pão, sobretudo a carne e o vinho - enquanto elos de ligação social. Para esta pesquisa socorremo-nos dos registos resultantes da observação-participante nalgumas festividades marcadas por essa partilha de bens alimentares, durante vários anos, sobretudo a norte de Portugal, mas também no litoral da região de Lisboa. A referência à maioria dos demais bodos, principalmente ocorridos nas províncias da Beira e do Alentejo, deve-se à leitura das obras sobre o tema consultadas e selecionadas na bibliografia.

Abstract In the rural areas of Portugal, the festivals, especially those that take place in the cold seasons, continue to integrate the anual agro-pastoral cycle. In these festivities, the permanence of food gifts dedicated to the Saints can indicate a survival of remote collective cults. These festive meals are distinguished by the ritual consumption of cereal, in its variants of bread, cakes, doughs or porridges, in gratitude for the production obtained during the year and in eternal commitment to annual repetition. The ceremonial involves a system of exchanges that reveals a culinary and mythical complex, providing for ensuring divine protection against various dangers, in particular plague, war and famine. Through an ethnographic description that marks different festivities having as patron the saint deserving of community devotion, we travel through different regions of the country, trying to highlight the importance of food as links of social connection. For this research we can get back to the records resulting from the observation-participant in some festivities marked by this sharing of food goods, for several years, especially in the north of Portugal, but also on the coast of the Lisbon region. The reference to most of the other weddings, mainly in the provinces of Beira and Alentejo, is due to the reading of the works on the subject consulted and selected in the bibliography.

ABSTRACT Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by trypanosomatids, considered endemic in 98 countries, mainly associated with poverty. About 50,000–90,000 cases of VL occur annually worldwide, and Brazil has the second largest number of cases in the world. The clinical picture of VL is fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia, progressing to death in 90% of cases due to secondary infections and multi-organ failure, if left untreated. We describe the case of a 25-year-old female who lived in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, who had recently taken touristic trips to several rural areas in Southeastern Brazil and was diagnosed post-mortem. During the hospitalization in a hospital reference for the treatment of COVID-19, the patient developed acute respiratory failure, with chest radiographic changes, and died due to refractory shock. The ultrasound-guided minimally invasive autopsy diagnosed VL (macrophages containing amastigote forms of Leishmania in the spleen, liver and bone marrow), as well as pneumonia and bloodstream infection by gram-negative bacilli.

Abstract: Introduction: It was found that the good performance in conventional techniques was not transferable to minimally-invasive alternatives, and then simulators were created for improved learning. Objective: To assess whether robotic virtual reality simulation conditions ability for laparoscopy in medical students, associating the VARK tool and Mind Styles to determine whether there is a correlation between learning styles and the ability to develop these skills. Methods: Randomization of 3 groups of medical students was performed, where one of the groups performed a simulation of a surgical knot exercise in the laparoscopy box and another, the same exercise on the robot console. The third group did not simulate. All participants took a practical test in the laparoscopy box and their performances were evaluated. Moreover, a pre-test and a post-test were applied, in addition to the VARK and mind styles methods, to assess whether there was a difference in performance between the different learning styles. Results: The practical test scores were relatively homogeneous between the groups and between the Mind Styles and VARK categories, with no significant difference being found between the groups; therefore, it was not possible to demonstrate that learning styles interfered with the results of this study. There was only a significant difference between the pre-test scores of at least one pair of the groups and between the Laparoscopy and Robotics groups, with a p-value of 0.038. Conclusion: There was no statistical significance between learning styles and performance regarding the proposed tasks.

Resumo: Introdução: Constatou-se que o bom desempenho em técnicas convencionais não se transferia para as minimamente invasivas, e, com isso, foram criados os simuladores para melhor aprendizado. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se a simulação em realidade virtual robótica promove habilidade para laparoscopia em acadêmicos de Medicina, associando a ferramenta VARK e o mind styles (GSD) para determinar se há correlação dos estilos de aprendizagem com a capacidade de desenvolver essas habilidades. Método: Realizou-se randomização de três grupos de acadêmicos de Medicina, em que um dos grupos fez simulação de um exercício de nó cirúrgico na caixa de laparoscopia (CL), e outro, o mesmo exercício no console do robô. O terceiro grupo não participou da simulção. Todos os participantes fizeram um teste prático na CL, e as performances deles foram avaliadas. Ademais, foram aplicados um pré-teste e um pós-teste, além do formulário VARK e GSD, para avaliar se havia diferença de performance entre os diferentes estilos de aprendizagem. Resultado: As notas das provas práticas foram relativamente homogêneas entre grupos e entre as categorias de Mind Styles e do VARK. Como não se encontrou diferença significativa entre os grupos, não foi possível demonstrar que os estilos de aprendizagem interferiram nos resultados deste estudo. Houve apenas diferença significativa entre as notas do pré-teste de pelo menos um par de grupos e entre os grupos laparoscopia e robótica com p-valor 0,038. Conclusão: Não houve significância estatística entre os estilos de aprendizagem e o desempenho nas tarefas propostas.

Resumo Introdução: A pandemia por COVID-19 colocou uma maior pressão financeira sobre os sistemas e instituições de saúde que tiveram de responder às necessidades específicas dos doentes com COVID-19, garantindo a segurança do diagnóstico e tratamento de todos os doentes e profissionais de saúde. Para avaliar o impacto financeiro dos doentes com COVID-19 internados em hospitais, caracterizámos o custo dos internamentos com COVID-19, utilizando dados de um Centro Hospitalar Universitário Português. Métodos: Analisaram-se os dados de internamento dos doentes adultos diagnosticados com COVID-19 admitidos entre 1 de março de 2020 e 31 de maio de 2020. Foram considerados elegíveis os episódios de internamento com diagnóstico principal U07.1 (ICD-10-CM). Excluíram-se os internamentos de doentes com menos de 18 anos, internamentos com registos incompletos, internamentos de doentes que foram transferidos de/ou para outros hospitais ou aqueles com internamento inferior a 24 horas. Também foram excluídos os internamentos por gravidez, parto e puerpério, bem como internamentos de doentes operados. Resultados: Identificaram-se 223 internamentos de doentes diagnosticados com COVID-19. A maioria era do sexo masculino (64,1%) e com idade entre 45 e 64 anos (30,5%). Cerca de 13,0% dos doentes foram internados em unidades de cuidados intensivos e 9,9% morreram no hospital. A média do tempo de internamento foi 12,7 dias (DP = 10,2) e a média do custo estimado por admissão foi 8.177€ (DP = 11.534), o que representa mais do triplo do preço base de internamento (2.386€). Os recursos humanos representaram a maior proporção do total dos custos por admissão (50,8%). Cerca de 92,4% dos internamentos foram atribuídos ao Grupo de Diagnóstico Homogéneo (GDH) 723, cujo preço de internamento é inferior aos custos de internamento com COVID-19 para todos os graus de severidade. Conclusão: Os internamentos por COVID-19 representam um encargo financeiro substancial para o SNS português. Por cada doente internado com COVID-19, seria possível tratar outros três doentes internados. Além disso, o preço definido para o GDH 723 não está ajustado ao custo dos doentes com COVID-19. Estes resultados destacam a necessidade de recursos financeiros adicionais para o sistema de saúde e, em particular, para os hospitais que trataram um elevado número de doentes internados e diagnosticados com COVID-19.

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed greater financial pressure on health systems and institutions that had to respond to the specific needs of COVID-19 patients while ensuring the safety of the diagnosis and treatment of all patients and healthcare professionals. To assess the financial impact of COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals, we have characterized the cost of COVID-19 admissions, using inpatient data from a Portuguese Tertiary Care University Centre. Methods: We analysed inpatient data from adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were admitted between March 1, 2020 and May 31, 2020. Admissions were eligible if the ICD-10-CM principal diagnosis was coded U07.1. We excluded admissions from patients under 18 years old, admissions with incomplete records, admissions from patients who had been transferred to or from other hospitals or those whose inpatient stay was under 24 h. Pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium admissions were also excluded, as well as admissions from patients who had undergone surgery. Results: We identified 223 admissions of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Most were men (64.1%) and aged 45-64 years (30.5%). Around 13.0% of patients were admitted to intensive care units and 9.9% died in hospital. The average length of hospital stay was 12.7 days (SD = 10.2) and the average estimated cost per admission was EUR 8,177 (SD = 11,534), which represents more than triple the inpatient base price (EUR 2,386). Human resources accounted for the highest proportion of the total costs per admission (50.8%). About 92.4% of the admissions were assigned to Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) 723, whose inpatient price is lower than COVID-19 inpatient costs for all degrees of severity. Conclusion: COVID-19 admissions represent a substantial financial burden for the Portuguese NHS. For each COVID-19 hospitalized patient it would have been possible to treat three other hospitalized patients. Also, the price set for DRG 723 is not adjusted to the cost of COVID-19 patients. These findings highlight the need for additional financial resources for the health system and, in particular, for hospitals that have treated high volumes of hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19.

RESUMO Estudo prospectivo, randomizado e duplo-cego com o objetivo de comparar dois protocolos diferentes utilizados para o preparo de cólon em pacientes que realizaram colonoscopia: solução de Manitol; e solução de Picossulfato de Sódio combinado com Óxido de Magnésio. Para avaliar qual protocolo proporciona melhores resultados, 90 pacientes do ambulatório de proctologia da Unidade de Cirurgia Geral do Hospital Regional da Asa Norte (HRAN) compuseram a amostra deste estudo. Tanto os pacientes quanto o colonoscopista não tiveram prévio conhecimento da substância utilizada para o preparo do cólon, a qual foi distribuída randomicamente entre os participantes. Os dois protocolos demonstraram bons e semelhantes resultados acerca da eficiência do preparo do cólon, embora a literatura estudada tenha demonstrado diferença significativa em favor do preparo feito com solução de Manitol em relação a limpeza do cólon durante o exame. Em consonância com a literatura, os pacientes que utilizaram solução de Manitol apresentaram mais efeitos colaterais, destacando-se a diferença significativa encontrada para vômito e distúrbios do sono. O preparo com Picossulfato de Sódio com Óxido de Magnésio foi relevantemente superior em relação à facilidade de ingestão percebida pelos pacientes.

ABSTRACT This prospective, randomized and double-blind study aims to compare two different protocols used for bowel preparation in patients scheduled for colonoscopy. The protocols were composed by solutions of Mannitol or sodium picosulfate combined with magnesium oxide. Patients from the proctology outpatient clinic of the General Surgery Unit of the Regional Hospital of Asa Norte (HRAN) comprised the sample of this study. Both the patients and the colonoscopist had no prior knowledge of the substance used to prepare bowel, which was randomly distributed among the participants. Both protocols demonstrated good and similar results regarding the efficiency of colon preparation, although the review of literature shows a difference in favor of preparation made with Mannitol solution regarding the colon neatness during the exam. In line with the literature, patients who used Mannitol solution had more side effects, highlighting the significant difference found for vomiting and sleep impairment. The preparation with Sodium Picosulfate with Magnesium Oxide was significantly superior in relation to the ease of ingestion perceived by the patients.

ABSTRACT. To be considered drought-tolerant, a tomato cultivar is required to present some level of tolerance at all developmental stages of plant growth. Since drought tolerance is a stage-specific phenomenon, genotype assessment must be performed separately at all developmental stages. In this study, we used a multi-trait index based on factor analysis and genotype-ideotype distance (FAI-BLUP index) to properly rank 49 tomato genotypes according to their tolerance to drought stress conditions at germination and seedling stages. Seeds of 47 introgression lines, which cultivar M82 is considered drought-sensitive, and the Solanum pennellii wild accession LA 716, which is considered drought-tolerant, were subjected to a control condition, where seeds were soaked in distilled water, and a drought condition, where seeds were soaked in a polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution (-0.3 MPa). Drought stress, induced by PEG, had a significant impact on all nine germination and growth performance-related traits; there was a reduction in shoot length (SL), total length (TL), initial germination percentage (IGP), final germination percentage (FGP), germination velocity index (GVI), and germination rate (GR). In contrast, the root-to-shoot ratio (R/S) and time to reach 50% germination (T50) increased under drought stress. Root length (RL) was less affected by drought, and in some genotypes, it was even increased. As expected, LA 716 ranked closest to the drought tolerance ideotype. IL 1-4-18, IL 2-3, IL 1-2, IL 9-2, and IL 10-1 were the most drought-tolerant at the germination stage. These results will serve as guidance for breeders who are aiming at developing drought-resistant tomato cultivars.

Abstract Introduction: The external evaluation of learning in basic and secondary education comprises the assessment tests (Normative Order Number 3-A / 2019, of 26 February). These tests have the main function of regulating and measuring students' learning and enhancing the internal evaluation carried out in schools. Objectives: Know the perceptions of students and teachers about the realization of assessment tests, in the 5th year of schooling; Verify the relevance, effects and impact attributed to the performance of the measurement tests and their results; Understand how benchmarking tests can improve the quality of the education system; Analyse whether the results of the assessment tests are considered necessary to rethink the work performed by the teachers. Methods: A mixed, descriptive, interpretive and comprehensive methodology was used, using the questionnaire and interview. Two classes of 20 students attending the 5th and 6th grades and 4 teachers from the 2nd Cycle of Basic Education (2nd CEB) participated in the study. Results: The teachers of the 2nd CEB are not in favour of carrying out the assessment tests, nor do they find great benefits in them. Students do not understand the purpose of the instrument for measuring results, resembling it as an evaluation test with a greater number of evaluated contents and without any weight in the final classification. Conclusion: The study participants have an unfavourable opinion in relation to the instrument for regulating and measuring the learning of students in the 5th year of schooling and enhancing the internal evaluation carried out by schools.

Resumen Introducción: La evaluación externa de los aprendizajes en educación básica y secundaria incluye la realización de pruebas de evaluación (Orden Normativa n. 3-A / 2019, de 26 de febrero). Estas pruebas tienen la función principal de regular y medir el aprendizaje de los estudiantes y potenciar la evaluación interna que se realiza en las escuelas. Objetivos: Conocer las percepciones de estudiantes y docentes sobre la realización de pruebas de evaluación, en el 5º año de escolaridad; Verificar la relevancia, efectos e impacto atribuidos a la realización de las pruebas de medición y sus resultados; Comprender cómo las pruebas comparativas pueden mejorar la calidad del sistema educativo; Analizar si los resultados de las pruebas de evaluación se consideran necesarios para repensar el trabajo realizado por los docentes. Métodos: Se utilizó una metodología mixta, descriptiva, interpretativa e integral, utilizando el cuestionario y la entrevista. En el estudio participaron dos grupos de 20 alumnos de 5º y 6º curso y 4 docentes del 2º ciclo de Educación Básica (2º CEB). Resultados: Los profesores del 2º CEB no son partidarios de realizar las pruebas de evaluación, ni encuentran grandes beneficios en ellas. Los estudiantes no comprenden el propósito del instrumento para medir los resultados, asemejándose a él como una prueba de evaluación con mayor número de contenidos evaluados y sin ningún peso en la clasificación final. Conclusión: Los participantes del estudio tienen una opinión desfavorable en relación al instrumento para regular y medir el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de 5º año de escolaridad y potenciar la evaluación interna que realizan las escuelas

Resumo Introdução: A avaliação externa das aprendizagens nos ensinos básico e secundário compreende a realização das provas de aferição (Despacho Normativo n.º 3-A/2019, de 26 de fevereiro). Estas provas têm como principal função regular e aferir as aprendizagens dos alunos e potenciar a avaliação interna realizada nas escolas. Objetivos: Conhecer as perceções dos alunos e professores sobre a realização das provas de aferição, no 5.º ano de escolaridade; Constatar a relevância, efeitos e impacto atribuído à realização das provas de aferição e seus resultados; Compreender de que forma as provas de aferição podem melhorar a qualidade do sistema de ensino; Analisar se os resultados das provas de aferição são considerados necessários para repensar o trabalho desempenhado pelos professores. Métodos: Foi utilizada uma metodologia mista, de caráter descritivo, interpretativo e compreensivo, com recurso ao inquérito por questionário e por entrevista. Participaram no estudo duas turmas de 20 alunos que frequentam o 5.º e 6.º ano e 4 professores do 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (2.º CEB). Resultados: Os professores do 2.º CEB não são favoráveis à realização das provas de aferição, nem encontram nelas grandes benefícios. Os alunos não entendem o propósito do instrumento de aferição dos resultados, assemelhando-o a um teste de avaliação com um maior número de conteúdos avaliados e sem qualquer peso na classificação final. Conclusão: Os participantes no estudo têm uma opinião pouco favorável em relação ao instrumento de regulação e aferição das aprendizagens dos alunos do 5.º ano de escolaridade e de potenciação da avaliação interna realizada pelas escolas.

Abstract Multiple-trait best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) is generally the most appropriate method to predict genetic values because it considers the genetic and residual correlations among traits and leads to higher selective accuracy. Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyze the interrelationships among traits related to cotton fiber length through path analysis under multiple-trait BLUP. To that end, 36 elite lines were evaluated in three envi ronments and phenotyped for fiber quality and agronomic traits. Variance components were estimated via residual maximum likelihood (REML). The genetic correlation coefficients among traits were obtained through the mixed model output, and a correlation network was constructed to graphically express these results. Subsequently, path analysis was performed considering fiber length as the main dependent variable. Genetic parameters indicate that the phenotypic variance for most traits is mainly composed of residual effects, which reinforces the need for more accurate statistical methods, such as multiple-trait BLUP. The results for genetic correlations and path analysis reveal the difficulty of selection based on important fiber quality traits, especially fiber length, since most traits show a low cause-and-effect relationship, while other important traits have an undesirable cause-and-effect relationship. Path analysis under multiple-trait BLUP proved to be suitable and useful for studying interrelationships among traits related to cotton fiber length.

Resumen La mejor predicción lineal insesgada de rasgos múltiples (BLUP) es, en general, el método más apropiado para predecir valores genéticos porque considera las correlaciones genéticas y residuales entre rasgos y conducta con mayor precisión selectiva. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo estudiar las interrelaciones entre los rasgos relacio nados con la longitud de la fibra de algodón a través del análisis de ruta en BLUP de rasgos múltiples. Con este fin, se evaluaron treinta y seis líneas élite en tres ambientes y se fenotipificaron para muchos rasgos relacionados con la calidad de la fibra y los rasgos agronómicos. Los componentes de la varianza se estimaron mediante la máxima verosimilitud residual (REML). Los coeficientes de correlación genética entre rasgos se obtuvieron a través de la salida del modelo mixto, y para expresar gráficamente estos resultados se construyó una red de correlación. Posteriormente, realizamos el análisis de ruta considerando la longitud de la fibra como variable dependiente principal. Los parámetros genéticos indican que la variación fenotípica para la mayoría de los rasgos se compone principalmente de efectos residuales, lo que refuerza la necesidad de utilizar métodos estadísticos más precisos, como BLUP de rasgos múltiples. Los resultados encontrados para las correlaciones genéticas y el análisis de ruta revelan la dificultad de la selección basada en rasgos importantes de la calidad de la fibra, especialmente la longitud de la fibra, ya que la mayoría de los rasgos muestran una relación de causa y efecto muy baja, y otros rasgos importantes presentan una relación de causa y efecto no deseada. El análisis de ruta en BLUP de rasgos múltiples resultó ser adecuado y útil para el estudio de las interrelaciones entre los rasgos relacio nados con la longitud de la fibra de algodón.

RESUMO Introdução: O angiossomo da artéria dorsal da escápula (ADE) tem despertado crescente interesse aos cirurgiões reparadores embora as aplicações mais habituais do músculo trapézio (MT) sejam pelo arco de rotação da artéria cervical transversa (ACT) e seu angiossomo, mais cefálico, suficiente para propósitos de reconstrução em cabeça e pescoço. A possibilidade de se obter retalhos de grande território cutâneo para reconstruções no dorso estimula o estudo do angiossomo da ADE. Métodos: Oito lados de quatro cadáveres frescos foram dissecados para a investigação da ADE e 60 lados de 30 voluntários foram examinados por meio de eco-Doppler colorido, em busca da ADE. Resultados: Foram descritos dois padrões no curso da ADE nas dissecções, ambos irrigando a região do terço inferior do MT. O exame por eco-Doppler detectou a emergência e o curso da ADE para o terço inferior do MT bilateralmente em 27 dos voluntários, em dois somente à esquerda e não foi identificada em nenhum lado em um dos voluntários. Conclusão: Pode haver dois padrões no curso da ADE irrigando a região do terço inferior do MT. O exame por eco-Doppler colorido determinou a emergência e o trajeto da ADE em 56 dos 60 lados examinados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The dorsal scapular artery angiosome (DSAA) has aroused growing interest among repairing surgeons, although the most common applications of the trapezoid muscle (TM) are by the arc of rotation of the transverse cervical artery (TCA) and its angiomoses, more cephalic, sufficient for reconstruction purposes in the head and neck. The possibility of obtaining flaps of large cutaneous territory for reconstructions on the back stimulates the study of DSAA angiomoses. Methods: Eight sides of four fresh cadavers were dissected for DSAA investigation, and 60 sides of 30 volunteers were examined by color Doppler echo in search of DSAA. Results: Two patterns were described in the course of DSAA in dissections, both irrigating the region of the lower third of the TM. Doppler echo-examination detected emergence and course of DSAA for the lower third of The TM bilaterally in 27 of the volunteers, in two only on the left and was not identified anywhere in one of the volunteers. Conclusion: There may be two patterns in the course of DSAA irrigating the region of the lower third of the TM. The color Doppler echo-examination determined the emergence and the Path of the DSAA on 56 of the 60 sides examined.

ABSTRACT. The selection of superior genotypes of soybean entails a simultaneous evaluation of a number of favorable traits that provide a comparatively superior yield. Disregarding the population effect in the statistical model may compromise the estimate of variance components and the prediction of genetic values. The present study was undertaken to investigate the importance of including population effect in the statistical model and to determine the effectiveness of the index based on factor analysis and ideotype design via best linear unbiased prediction (FAI-BLUP) in the selection of erect, early, and high-yielding soybean progenies. To attain these objectives, 204 soybean progenies originating from three populations were examined for various traits of agronomic interest. The inclusion of the population effect in the statistical model was relevant in the genetic evaluation of soybean progenies. To quantify the effectiveness of the FAI-BLUP index, genetic gains were predicted and compared with those obtained by the Smith-Hazel and Additive Genetic indices. The FAI-BLUP index was effective in the selection of progenies with balanced, desirable genetic gains for all traits simultaneously. Therefore, the FAI-BLUP index is an adequate tool for the simultaneous selection of important traits in soybean breeding.

ABSTRACT Combining longitudinal data and statistical models from perennial crops enabled us to estimate the optimum number of measures (harvests), implying accurate discrimination of superior genotypes in those crops. Herein, the goal of this study was to determine the optimum number of harvests based on yield traits and recommend a superior graft/rootstock combination (GRC) for Citrus latifolia Tanaka. Twenty-four GRCs of 'Tahiti' acid lime were evaluated from July 2017 to August 2018 for fruit yield per plant (FYP), number of fruits per plant (NFP), and longitudinal (LFD) and transversal fruit diameter (TFD). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. The experimental unit consisted of three individuals, totalling 244 individuals. The GRCs were composed of (i) two hybrids that were used as rootstock, citrumelo ‘Swingle’ (Citrus paradisi x Poncirus trifoliata) and cintrandarin ‘Riverside’ (Citrus sunki x Poncirus trifoliata); and (ii) 12 different C. latifolia genotypes that were used as grafts: Bello Fruit, Eledio, Iconha, Itarana, Santa Rosa, Bearss lime, CNPMF 01, CNPMF 02, CNPMF 2001, CNPMF 5059, BRS Passos, and Persian 58. Mixed models were employed to estimate the variance components. The optimum number of harvests was determined based on selective efficiency values above 0.9. The estimated repeatability coefficients presented values of 0.14 (LFD), 0.16 (TFD), 0.36 (FYP), and 0.38 (NFD). Based on the results, four harvests were able to choose genotypes based on FYP and NFP, whereas LFD and TFD were considered inefficient traits for recommending superior GRCs.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate whether the pigeon (Columba livia) is a good model for evaluating the vestibular system involved with postural maintenance during movement. Methods: This study maps the brainstem targets of the horizontal ampullary inputs from the vestibular periphery of the pigeon. We used biotin dextran amine (BDA) injection in horizontal semicircular canal (HSCC), immunohistochemistry for GluR2/3 and GluR4 AMPA and computerized histomorphology reconstruction. Results: Our results show the same distribution pattern with ipsilateral projections to vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) from the HSCC, with the majority of labeled fibers being, long, thin, with few varicosities and many ramifications. Horizontal semicircular canal projections achieve neurons belonging to all nuclei of the VNC with exception of dorsal portion of lateral vestibular nucleus and this area express GluR2/3 and GluR4 AMPA receptors reinforcing the idea of glutamate participation in these connections. Conclusions: Pigeon is an appropriated experimental model to study of projections of HSCC and reinforcing the information that the vestibular system has strong relation with the fast responses necessary for postural control. Moreover, its phylogenetic organization apparently conservation, also seems to be a fundamental characteristic for vertebrates.

ABSTRACT Tree breeders are prioritizing the increase of the interspecific diversity in the breeding programs due to the pronounced environmental changes, and expansion of the forest frontier to less productive areas. In this scenario, there is a growing interest for species of the genus Corymbia due to their good growth, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, and industrial properties. Also, Corymbia spp. can cross with each other, generating interspecific hybrids. However, there are great difficulties on defining the best crosses. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the genetic variability of 64 progenies of Corymbia maculata and 64 progenies of Corymbia torelliana and to use the GGE biplot method to point the most appropriated crosses to broad and specific environments in order to generate stable and productive interspecific hybrids of C. maculata and C. torelliana. The GGE biplot was an efficient method for evaluating the genetic variability between progenies, for visualizing the genotype by environment interaction pattern and for identifying the best crosses in order to generate interspecific hybrids of the species. By adopting a selection intensity of 10%, the recommended progenies to generate interspecific hybrids for the Aracruz municipality (ARA) were 10, 40, 49, 64, 20, 9 and 47 of C. maculata and 24, 56, 41, 64, 43, 31 and 12 of C. torelliana. For Três Lagoas municipality (TLA), the recommended progenies were 11, 17, 1, 48, 7, 63 and 21 of C. maculata and 42, 46, 61, 44, 10, 63 and 28 of C. torelliana.

RESUMO Hancornia speciosa Gomes é uma das espécies frutíferas nativas mais frequentes no Cerrado. Estudos sobre a variabilidade genética de caracteres quantitativos para essa espécie são escassos e a identificação de acessos com as melhores características agronômicas pode subsidiar estratégias de programas de conservação e melhoramento genético. Objetivou-se estimar a diversidade genética de acessos da coleção de germoplasma de H. speciosa da Universidade Federal de Goiás e classificá-los com base em um índice de seleção combinando onze características agronômicas. Foram avaliados 192 acessos individuais de 57 progênies, de 29 populações naturais. Os dados foram submetidos a análise multivariada e os indivíduos e progênies avaliados pelo índice de seleção FAI-BLUP. A análise de agrupamento de Tocher permitiu agrupar as progênies em dez agrupamentos divergentes e os indivíduos em 18 agrupamentos divergentes. A seleção simultânea de caracteres com base no índice FAI-BLUP pode ser recomendada, mantendo-se a variabilidade potencial na população resultante da recombinação. A seleção individual mostrou-se mais eficaz do que a seleção baseada em médias de progênies, por explorar a variação genética entre e dentro das progênies.

ABSTRACT Hancornia speciosa Gomes is one of the native fruit species most frequent in the Brazilian Savanna. Studies on the genetic variability of quantitative traits for this species are scarce and the identification of accessions with the best agronomic traits may support strategies for conservation and breeding programs. This study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity of accessions from the H. speciosa germplasm collection of the Universidade Federal de Goiás (Goiânia, Goiás state, Brazil) and rank them based on a selection index combining eleven agronomic traits. A total of 192 individual accessions from 57 progenies, from 29 natural populations, were evaluated. The data were subjected to multivariate analysis and the individuals and progenies evaluated using the FAI-BLUP selection index. The Tocher cluster analysis allowed grouping the progenies into ten divergent clusters and the individuals into 18 divergent clusters. The simultaneous selection of traits based on the FAI-BLUP index may be recommended while maintaining the potential variability in the population resulting from the recombination. The individual selection proved to be more effective than the selection based on progenies means, because it exploits the genetic variation among and within progenies.